Relative signal strength coverage optimization in indoor and outdoor wireless LAN environments

Fading and obstacles constitute major threats to effective quality of service (QoS) delivery in wireless local area network (WLAN) environments. In this contribution, we investigate the signal quality of indoor and outdoor WLANs over a defined coverage area. We present experimental analysis of case studies that will be useful for further research and validate the system’s performance in practice. Using an optimized form of the pathloss models, a simulation of the system is carried out over short and extended coverage. Simulation results show that signal quality could be effectively managed to improve the system’s performance for both indoor and outdoor environments in the presence of fading and other environmental factors.Facultad de Informátic

Relative signal strength coverage optimization in indoor and outdoor wireless LAN environments

Fading and obstacles constitute major threats to effective quality of service (QoS) delivery in wireless local area network (WLAN) environments. In this contribution, we investigate the signal quality of indoor and outdoor WLANs over a defined coverage area. We present experimental analysis of case studies that will be useful for further research and validate the system’s performance in practice. Using an optimized form of the pathloss models, a simulation of the system is carried out over short and extended coverage. Simulation results show that signal quality could be effectively managed to improve the system’s performance for both indoor and outdoor environments in the presence of fading and other environmental factors.Facultad de Informátic

Profile of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Acceptors at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria

Background: Use of modern contraceptive methods has been shown to reduce unwanted pregnancy, high parity and maternal mortality. Intrauterine contraceptive devices which are among the safest and most effective reversible contraceptives available, are particularly suitable for women in developing countries as they are affordable, convenient to use, do not require re-supply visits and are very cost-effective. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of intrauterine contraceptive device acceptors, the pattern of insertions and complications at the University of Uyo Teaching hospital, Uyo. Method: The record cards of all clients who had intrauterine contraceptive device inserted at the family planning clinic over a six-year period were reviewed. Results: During the study period, there were 852 new contraceptive acceptors out of which 39.7% accepted the intrauterine contraceptive device. The modal age group of the clients was 25-29 years (32.5%). Acceptance of intrauterine contraceptive device was most common among multiparous clients (65.1%). Majority of the acceptors were married (90.0%), Christians (98.8%) and 72.8% had at least secondary school education. Clinic personnel (65.7%) and friends/relatives (21.3%) were the most common sources of information on contraception. Most (93.5%) of the clients had their intrauterine contraceptive devices inserted within 7 days of menstruation. Lower abdominal pain (5.5%) and vulval/vaginal itching (5.3%) were the most common complications. Conclusion: The acceptors of intrauterine contraceptive devices in our center were young, multiparous and educated women. Increasing mass media involvement in the dissemination of accurate information about intrauterine contraceptive devices to the general populace, the introduction of postpartum and post-abortal intrauterine contraceptive device insertions and the encouragement of our grandmultiparous women to accept intrauterine contraceptive device would lead to an increase in its acceptance and use.Arrière plan: Les méthodes mordernes de contraception en usage ont été présentées en vue de réduire l'avortement imprévu, le haut degré de parité et la mortalité maternelle. Les methods artificielles courantes qui comprennent des substances médicamenteuses destiné à être introduit dans le vagin. Ceś méthodes sont les plus efficaces et plus réversible particulièrement convénables pour les femmes dans les pays en voie de développement. Etant donné que ces substances médicamentenses sont moins chéres et accéssibles et elles n'exigent pas une surveillance médicale parce qúelles n'ont pas des contre-indications. L'objet de cette recherche est de déterminer la caractéristique socio-démographique de la substance médicamentense artificielle aux patients modes d'insertions et complications au centre-hospitalo-universitaire d'Uyo. Méthode: Les fiches de tous les patients qui ont sub ice traityement médicamenteux artificial physique dans le planning familial au-dela de six mois ont été ré-examineés. Résultats: Au cours de la période d'étude, il yavait 852 d'acceptors en général d'ont on a pu relever 39,7% qui ont vraiment accepté l'usage de cette nourelle contraception. L'âge modal des patients était de 25 à 29 ans (32,5%), son usage était plus frequent parmi les patients multipares 65,1%. Beaucoup d'accepteurs étaient maries (90, 0%) les chrétiens (98,8%) et (72,8%) sont celles qui ont reçu une éducation secondaire, le personnel de clinique (65,7%) les amis et les proches (21,3%). Toutes ces personnes ont été les sources authentiques d'informations sur la contraception. Beaucoup de patients (93,5%) ont reçu l,application de cette nouvelle méthode de contraception sous différentes maniéres en sept jours de menstruation. Le mauvais ressentiment dans le vagin était de 5,5% et la démangeaison du vagin 5,3% étaient les complications les plus remarquables. Conclusion: Les accepteurs de la contraception de substances médicamentenses dans notre centre hospitalo-universitaire étaient des jeunes, des multiparaes et les femmes édiquées. La multiplication des médias, et la dissémination d'informations concrétes concernant l'usage des méthods de substances médicamentenses physiques, l'introduction de l'usage de cette contraception lois de la période post-partum période qui suit un accouchement et la perioide qui attend un accouchement

Factors contributing to uterine rupture in women having vaginal births after caesarean section

Context: Ruptured gravid uterus is a common occurrence in our environment with higher risk in scarred uterus. Some women will attempt vaginal delivery at home after a caesarean section had been performed for cephalopelvic disproportion. Objective: To evaluate the various reasons put forward by our women for attempting vaginal delivery at home despite previous caesarean section. Subjects and Methods: Patients with ruptured gravid uterus during labour with history of previous caesarean section were studied using structured interview formats. Their demographic characteristics, social class, booking status, place of attempted vaginal delivery and various reasons for seeking unorthodox care. Close relative of patients were interviewed in unconscious or moribund patients. Results: Some 24(96.0%) of the patient had no antenatal care in the index pregnancy and had laboured in spiritual churches or in traditional birth attendants homes. Ninteen (76.0%) were of low social class. Various reasons for attempting vaginal delivery at TBA's or spiritual churches included lack of funds 9(37.5%) husbands or close relative not available to take decision for hospital delivery 6(25.0%), not appreciating the need for hospital delivery 3(12.5%) and no reason 1(4.2%). There were 12 maternal deaths giving a case fatality rate of 48%. Conclusion: The study shows socio economic factors, dependency on family decisions and belief in supernatural powers as major reasons our women chose unorthodox delivery despite prior caesarean section and recommend ways of preventing it.Keywords: vaginal birth after caesarean section, uterine rupture Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol. 22(2) 2005: 177-17

Outcome of twin pregnancy in Calabar, Nigeria

A ten year retrospective study (between January 1989 to December 1998) to determine the incidence, pregnancy complication and outcome of twin births at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital was carried out. There were 342 twin births out of 12,877 deliveries giving a twin delivery incidence of 26.5/1000 births. The highest twining rate was found in women aged 25 to 29 years (33.5%) and para 2 mothers (23.5%). The main complications encountered were preterm labour (41.2%), pregnancy induced hypertension (11.1%), hyperemesis gravidarum (8.7%) and anaemia (6.8%). The caesarean section rate was 26%. The perinatal mortality rate was 100.6 per 1,000 births and the main cause of perinatal mortality was prematurity. To reduce the associated high maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality, early booking and improvement in existing neonatal facilities are recommended. (Global Journal of Medical Science, 2004, 3 (1&2): 13-15

What proportion of abortion seekers in Calabar are really pregnant?

Context: The incidence of induced abortion and the associated health risks are high in Calabar, Nigeria. There is need to confirm whether all the women subjected to these procedures are really pregnant. Objective: To determine what proportion of women seeking abortion services in Calabar were really pregnant. Design and Setting: Cross sectional study on women in Calabar who seek and obtain abortion services. Calabar is the capital of Cross River State in South-Eastern part of Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: Women who sought and obtained induced abortions in Calabar during the period of study were recruited into the study. The products of conception from the induced abortions were sent for histopathological examinations to confirm whether they were really pregnant. Results: One Hundred and Fifty claimed to be pregnant and procured induced abortions but 17 (11.3%) women were not pregnant from the histological reports of the products of conception. Conclusion: A significant proportion of women seeking abortion services in Calabar Nigeria are not pregnant. The routine use of pregnancy tests and/or ultrasonography could prevent a substantial proportion of unnecessary procedures. This will result in reduced health risks and substantial cost saving for women. Keywords: pregnancy test, ultrasonography, induced abortion Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol. 22(1) 2005: 12-1